![]() ![]() The most widely used screen readers [ cite paperĪuthor = Theofanos, Mary Frances, and Redish, Janice (Ginny) There are also open source screen readers, such as the for GNOME and NonVisual Desktop Access for Windows. The open source GNOME desktop environment long included Gnopernicus and now includes Orca. The console-based Oralux Linux distribution ships with three screen-reading environments: Emacspeak, Yasr and Speakup. Mac OS X includes VoiceOver, a feature-rich screen reader. Screen reader choice is contentious: differing priorities and strong preferences are common.Īpple Inc. dollars), and the role of organizations like charities, schools, and employers. Screen readers are a form of assistive technology (AT) potentially useful to people who are blind, visually impaired, illiterate or learning disabled, often in combination with other AT, such as screen magnifiers.Ī person's choice of screen reader is dictated by many factors, including platform, cost (even to upgrade a screen reader can cost hundreds of U.S. This interpretation is then re-presented to the user with text-to-speech, sound icons, or a Braille output device. A screen reader is a software application that attempts to identify and interpret what is being displayed on the screen (or, more accurately, sent to standard output, whether a video monitor is present or not).
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